Why 78s need different care than vinyl LPs
Most 78 RPM records are made of shellac compounds rather than the vinyl used for later LPs and 45s. Shellac is harder and more brittle, and it can react badly to some solvents. Methods that people use on vinyl, such as certain alcohol-based fluids or vacuum machines, are not always suitable for 78s. A gentle approach is the safer default.
Check the record first
Before cleaning, look at the disc in good light.
- Cracks or chips: water and handling can make a cracked disc worse. Consider leaving it alone.
- Flaking surface: some discs have a surface that is lifting. Cleaning may remove more of it.
- Lacquer or acetate discs: these are often one-off recordings with a coating on a metal or glass base. They can be very delicate and are generally best left uncleaned or handled by a specialist.
- Paper labels: older labels can tear or run when wet, so keep them dry.
What to use and what to avoid
A common recommendation is:
- A very small amount of mild dish soap in lukewarm water
- Distilled water for the final rinse, which avoids mineral deposits
- A soft brush and clean microfiber or cotton cloths
Avoid hot water, harsh detergents, abrasive pads and strong solvents. Readers often ask whether rubbing alcohol or WD-40 is acceptable. Alcohol may harm shellac, and WD-40 leaves an oily residue, so neither is a good choice for 78s. If in doubt, stick with mild soap and water.
Step-by-step washing
- Dust the disc with a soft dry brush.
- Mix a drop of mild soap into lukewarm water.
- Dampen the brush, not the record, and keep the label as dry as you can.
- Brush gently along the direction of the grooves, not hard across them.
- Rinse lightly with distilled water, again avoiding the label.
- Pat dry with a clean soft cloth and let it air dry upright before sleeving.
Drying and storing afterward
Make sure the record is fully dry before it goes into a clean sleeve. Store discs upright, away from heat and damp, and avoid stacking many records flat. Replace dirty paper sleeves where possible.
What cleaning cannot fix
Cleaning removes dust and grime. It will not repair scratches, wear, cracks or groove damage. Some surface noise is normal on 78s. When you are ready to listen, see how to play 78 RPM records for the equipment you need.
Are old 78s worth anything?
Most common 78s sell for modest prices, but some rare titles, labels or artists can be worth more. Condition and rarity matter, and values change, so check recent sold listings or ask a specialist before assuming a record is valuable. Cleaning a rare record badly can reduce its value, which is another reason to be careful.
FAQ
What is the best liquid to clean vinyl records? For 78s, mild soap in lukewarm water with a distilled water rinse is a common choice.
Is rubbing alcohol okay? It is better avoided on shellac.
Is WD-40 good for cleaning? No, it leaves residue and is not designed for records.